HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT AFRICAN TURNIPWEED
(Sisymbrium thellungii)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Australia, Queensland

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INTRODUCTION AFRICAN TURNIPWEED African Turnipweed (Sisymbrium thellungii) is a dicot weed in the Brassicaceae family.  In Queensland this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 1996 and infests Cereals, and Wheat.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to chlorsulfuron and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Jun 06, 2000 ) Common Name African Turnipweed Species Sisymbrium thellungii Group Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) Herbicides chlorsulfuron Location Australia, Queensland Year 1996 Situation(s) Cereals, and Wheat Contributors - (Alphabetically) Steve Walker  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE AREAS FOUND Steve Walker Found in southern Queensland. Edit this Note  |  Add New Note   GENERAL Steve Walker Herbicide usage records showed that resistance has developed after 3-10 years of selection with chlorsulfuron with no correlation between the frequency of use and the degree of resistance for any of the species where eight or more collections were made. Edit this Note  |  Add New Note   GENERAL Steve Walker Weeds resistant to chlorsulfuron and atrazine from the north-east grain region of Australia. (Weed Research, Adkins et al. 1997). Edit this Note  |  Add New Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible African Turnipweed biotype with this African Turnipweed biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant African Turnipweed have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant African Turnipweed from Queensland please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS STEVE WALKER Principal Agronomist Farming Systems Institute, Qdpi Leslie Research Centre 303 North Roberts PO Box 200201, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland Australia Email Steve Walker

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Queensland have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Steve Walker for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant African Turnipweed Globally (Sisymbrium thellungii) Herbicide Resistant African Turnipweed Globally (Sisymbrium thellungii) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant African Turnipweed Globally (Sisymbrium thellungii) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 Australia (Queensland) Australia Queensland 1996 Cereals, and Wheat chlorsulfuron 1 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 160 Sisymbrium thellungii African Turnipweed 529

Literature about Similar Cases

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Adkins, S. W. ; Wills, D. ; Boersma, M. ; Walker, S. R. ; Robinson, G. ; McLeod, R. J. ; Einam, J. P.. 1997. Weeds resistant to chlorsulfuron and atrazine from the north-east grain region of Australia. Weed Research (Oxford) 37 : 343 - 349.

Studies showed that at least 6 weeds found in the grain region of north-east Australia evolved resistance to one or other of the herbicides chlorsulfuron and atrazine. Two collections of Rapistrum rugosum, three of Sisymbrium orientale, five of Sonchus oleraceus, one of Fallopia convolvulus and one of Sisymbrium thellungii were resistant to the recommended rate of chlorsulfuron (15 g a.i. ha^-1). Resistance to chlorsulfuron was not discovered in three collections of Sisymbrium irio, two of Brassica tournefortii, three of Emex australis and 11 of Phalaris paradoxa. Two collections of Urochloa panicoides were resistant, and three collections possibly resistant, to the recommended rate of atrazine (1.8 kg a.i. ha^-1). Resistance to atrazine was not found in 12 collections of Hibiscus trionum, nine of Salvia reflexa, two of Parthenium hysterophorus, two of Amaranthus viridis and 14 of Echinochloa colona. The resistance status of four weeds (R. rugosum, F. convolvulus, S. thellungii and U. panicoides) was confirmed using a multiple concentration-response screen and is the first report of resistance for these species. Herbicide usage records showed that resistance has developed after 3-10 years of selection with chlorsulfuron, and 2-15 years of selection with atrazine, with no correlation between the frequency of use and the degree of resistance for any of the species where eight or more collections were made..

Wills, D. A. ; Walker, S. R. ; Adkins, S. W.. 1996. Herbicide resistant weeds from the north-east grain region of Australia. : 126 - 129.

Herbicide resistant weeds are increasing throughout the world. Recently, weeds resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides have been discovered in Australia and in the north-east grain region. In order to find populations of winter and summer weeds which are resistant to various herbicides a survey was commenced. Seed were collected and screened against the herbicide to which resistance was suspected and results were recorded. At some sites the winter weeds, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Love, Sisymbrium orientale L. Sisymbrium thellungii O. Schultz and Sonchus oleraceus L. had individuals resistant to chlorsulfuron. The summer weed Urochloa panicoides Beauv. was shown to have individuals resistant to atrazine. However some populations of U. panicoides with no previous history of atrazine use had individuals with resistance to atrazine. This survey has shown that resistance of weeds to herbicides is widespread throughout the north-east grain region..

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