International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
HRAC GROUP 5 (LEGACY C1 C2) RESISTANT YELLOW FOXTAIL
(Setaria pumila (=S. glauca))


PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

United States, Maryland
INTRODUCTION YELLOW FOXTAIL
Yellow Foxtail (Setaria pumila (=S. glauca)) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Maryland this weed first evolved resistance to Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides in 1984 and infests Corn (maize), and Cropland.   Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides are known as PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (Inhbition of Photosynthesis at PSll - Serine 264 Binders ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Nov 20, 2000 )

Common NameYellow Foxtail
SpeciesSetaria pumila (=S. glauca)
GroupPSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicidesatrazine, cyanazine, and simazine
LocationUnited States, Maryland
Year1984
Situation(s)Corn (maize), and Cropland
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Ronald Ritter 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

HISTORY - FIRST CASE

Ronald Ritter
Originally evolved resistance to atrazine but tests have shown that it is cross-resistant to simazine and cyanazine.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Yellow Foxtail biotype with this Yellow Foxtail biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 5 resistant Yellow Foxtail have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) resistant Yellow Foxtail from Maryland please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

RONALD RITTER
Professor
University Of Maryland
Plant Science and Landscape Architecture
1118 H. J. Patterson Hall
College Park, 20742 , Maryland
United States
Email Ronald Ritter
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Maryland have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Ronald Ritter for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Yellow Foxtail Globally
(Setaria pumila (=S. glauca))
Herbicide Resistant Yellow Foxtail Globally
(Setaria pumila (=S. glauca))
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Herbicide Resistant Yellow Foxtail Globally
(Setaria pumila (=S. glauca))
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1981 Corn (maize), and Cropland atrazine 7 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
150Setaria pumila (=S. glauca)Yellow Foxtail64
2 FranceFrance 1981 Corn (maize) atrazine 17 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
150Setaria pumila (=S. glauca)Yellow Foxtail469
3 SpainSpain 1987 Corn (maize) atrazine 38 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
150Setaria pumila (=S. glauca)Yellow Foxtail179
4 United States (Maryland) United StatesMaryland1984 Corn (maize), and Cropland atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
150Setaria pumila (=S. glauca)Yellow Foxtail427
5 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota1997 Soybean imazethapyr 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
150Setaria pumila (=S. glauca)Yellow Foxtail506
Literature about Similar Cases

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