<b>HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Thlaspi arvense from Canada, Saskatchewan

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT FIELD PENNYCRESS
(Thlaspi arvense)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Canada, Saskatchewan

INTRODUCTION		FIELD PENNYCRESS
Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) is a dicot weed in the Brassicaceae family. In Saskatchewan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2009 and infests Wheat. Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated May 02, 2012 )
Common Name	Field Pennycress
Species	Thlaspi arvense
Group	Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicides	thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl
Location	Canada, Saskatchewan
Year	2009
Situation(s)	Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Hugh Beckie
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

OTHER CONTACTS

Hugh Beckie

Haisheng Xie, Ag-Quest

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Field Pennycress biotype with this Field Pennycress biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Field Pennycress have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Field Pennycress from Saskatchewan please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

HUGH BECKIE

Professor of Crop Weed Science...Canadian Expat University of Western Australia Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative School of Agriculture and Environment 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, 6009, Western Australia Australia Email Hugh Beckie

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Saskatchewan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Hugh Beckie for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Field Pennycress Globally
(Thlaspi arvense)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Canada (Alberta)

2001

Canola, Peas, Spring Barley, and Wheat

ethametsulfuron-methyl, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, and thifensulfuron-methyl

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Canada (Manitoba)

2008

Wheat

thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Canada (Saskatchewan)

2009

Wheat

thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Deveikyte, I. ; Auskalnis, A. ; Seibutis, V.. 2007. An application of the herbicide mixtures in sugar beet and spring barley plants as a protective element preventing appearance of weed resistance. Progress in Plant Protection 47 : 350 - 357.

Until recently, 261 biotypes belonging to 157 species (95 dicots and 62 monocots) and showing resistance to various herbicides are known. Herbicide resistance is known in all areas where herbicides are used intensively. Resistance of weeds to herbicides have been identified in 21 European countries. In Lithuania, herbicide resistance has not been proved in weeds. In agriculture practice, the most efficient to herbicide methods limiting herbicide resistant weed occurrence are rational agrotechnique, crop and herbicide rotation and application of herbicide mixtures. In 2002-04, studies on annual weed sensitivity and tolerance to phenoxy-carboxylic acid, phenyl-carbamates, benzofuranes and triazinones compounds were performed. Phenmedipham, desmedipham, ethofumesate was more effective for controlling Chenopodium album, Lamium purpureum, Polygonum aviculare and Tripleurospermum perforatum [Matricaria perforata] by applying in mixture with metamitron than by applying in mixture with chloridazon and chloridazon+quinmerac. The most effective were the mixtures consisting of 5 and 6 different active ingredients, e.g. phenmedipham+desmedipham+ethofumesate+metamitron+chloridazon and phenmedipham+desmedipham+ethofumesate+metamitron+chloridazon+quinmerac. C. album and Thlaspi arvense were very sensitive to herbicides MCPA, mecoprop+MCPA+dichlorprop and 2.4-D amino acid. G. aparine and Tripleurospermum perforatum were tolerant to MCPA. 2.4-D amino acid was ineffective on number and mass of G. aparine and L. purpureum. Mecoprop+MCPA+dichlorprop-P mixture was the best for weed control in spring barley..

Beckie, H. J. ; Hall, L. M. ; Tardif, F. J. ; Séguin-Swartz, G.. 2007. Acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87 : 965 - 972.

Two stinkweed populations from southern and central Alberta were not controlled by acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in 2000. This study reports on their cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, molecular basis of resistance, and inheritance of resistance. Both putative herbicide-resistant biotypes responded similarly to increasing doses of the herbicides. The biotypes were highly resistant to ethametsulfuron and exhibited a low level of resistance to metsulfuron and imazethapyr. However, both biotypes were not resistant to florasulam, a triazolopyrimidine ALS inhibitor, or sulfometuron, a non-selective sulfonylurea ALS inhibitor. The cross-resistance pattern was consistent with the confirmed target-site mutation. Sequence analysis of the ALS gene detected a Pro₁₉₇Leu mutation in both biotypes. Similar to many other ALS inhibitor-resistant weed biotypes, resistance was conferred by a single dominant gene. This study confirms the first global occurrence of herbicide resistance in this species..

Beckie, H. J., L. M. Hall, F. J. Tardif, And G. Seguin-Swartz. 2007. Acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) in Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87 : 965 - 972.

Two stinkweed populations from southern and central Alberta were not controlled by acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in 2000. This study reports on their cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, molecular basis of resistance, and inheritance of resistance. Both putative herbicide-resistant biotypes responded similarly to increasing doses of the herbicides. The biotypes were highly resistant to ethametsulfuron and exhibited a low level of resistance to metsulfuron and imazethapyr. However, both biotypes were not resistant to florasulam, a triazolopyrimidine ALS inhibitor, or sulfometuron, a non-selective sulfonylurea ALS inhibitor. The cross-resistance pattern was consistent with the confirmed target-site mutation. Sequence analysis of the ALS gene detected a Pro197Leu mutation in both biotypes. Similar to many other ALS inhibitor-resistant weed biotypes, resistance was conferred by a single dominant gene. This study confirms the first global occurrence of herbicide resistance in this species.

Zhao, Xx; Xia, Qx; Lu, Dl; Lu, Wp; Qi, Ck; Pu, Hm (More...)Liu, Gs; Zhao, J; Wang, Yp. 2006. Gene flow from genetically modified herbicide-resistant rapeseed to cruciferous weeds. Progress In Natural Science 16 : 936 - 941.

The sexual compatibility between genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-resistant rapeseed variety Q3 (Brassica napus L.) and 5 cruciferous weeds is studied through the observation of fluorescence microscopy and cross-fertility after manual pollination. The results indicated that Q3 (as male) was highly incompatible with Thlaspi arvense L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic, Cardamine hirsuta L. and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (as female). Fluorescence microscopic observation showed that growing of pollen tubes terminated on the stigma surface or at the upper 1/3 part of the style. However, B. juncea X Q3 was compatible, and the compatibility index was 1.65. Under the neighboring growth and natural pollination conditions, the rates of gene flow from Q3 to T. arvense, C. bursa-pastoris, C. hirsute and R. palustris were all 0, while it was 0.86% for B. juncea. These results indicate that there is difference in the rate of gene flow between GM rapeseed and cruciferous wild weeds, and frequency of gene flow is highly correlated with sexual compatibility.

Badowski, M. ; Kucharski, M.. 2005. Chemical weed control in white mustard (Sinapis alba) crop. Rośliny Oleiste 26 : 193 - 198.

Field experiments were conducted in Poland, from 2002 to 2004, to evaluate the efficacy of selected herbicides used to control weeds in white mustard. The herbicides Galera 334 SL (67 g picloram + 267 g clopyralid/litre) and Lontrel 300 SL (300 g clopyralid/litre) at 0.35 litre/ha, Butisan 400 SC (400 g metazachlor/litre) at 3 litre/ha and a mixture of Butisan 400 SC + Galera 334 SL at 2 + 0.35 litre/ha, were applied to control Chenopodium album, Viola arvensis, Anthemis arvensis, Geranium pusillum, Thlaspi arvense and Stellaria media were during the spring, at the 2-4 leaf stage of white mustard. The phytotoxicity, efficacy of weed control and yield of white mustard were evaluated. Lontrel 300 SL and Butisan 400 SC were selected for mustard. Galera 334 SL caused some phytotoxic effect, which was temporary and did not influence yield. Galera 334 SL effectively controlled A. arvensis and T. arvense. C. album, V. arvensis and S. media were semi-sensitive and G. pusillum was resistant. Lontrel 300 SL eliminated only A. arvensis. Butisan 400 SC controlled the majority of the weed species. Only G. pusillum was weakly eliminated. The best efficacy of weed control and the highest yield of white mustard seeds were obtained from plants where the Butisan 400 SC + Galera 334 SL mixture was applied..

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